History of English criminal law
English law did not originally make a distinction between criminal and civil proceedings.
The first signs of the modern distinction between crimes and civil matters emerged during the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.[1] The earliest criminal trials had very little, if any, settled law to apply. However, the civil delictual law was highly developed and consistent in its operation (except where the King wanted to raise money by selling a new form of Writ).
The development of the "State" dispensing justice in a court only emerged parallel to or after the emergence of the concept of sovereignty. It was only in the 18th century that European countries began operating police forces. From this point, criminal law had the mechanisms for enforcement, which allowed for its development as a credible and self-sufficient entity.
Common law offences
Abolished offences
See also criminal libel for general information about the common law libel offences listed above.
Offences held no longer to exist or never to have existed
Offences against the person
Fatal offences
Extant offences
Abolished offences
Sexual Offences
Extant offences
Abolished offences
Non-fatal non-sexual offences
Offences against property
Main article:
Property crimeExtant offences
Abolished offences
Firearms and offensive weapons
Forgery, personation and cheating
Abolished offences
See forgery:
See personation:
- Offences under section 13 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979
- Offences under section 12 of the Inland Revenue Regulation Act 1890
(Both repealed by the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005)
See cheating:
Offences against the State or Crown or Government and political offences
Extant offences
See also Offences against military law in the United Kingdom
Abolished offences
Harmful or dangerous drugs
Offences against religion and public worship
Abolished offences
Offences against the administration of public justice
Abolished offences
Offences held no longer to exist or never to have existed
Public order offences
Abolished offences
Offences against public morals and public policy
Abolished offence
Protection of children and vulnerable adults
Protection of animals and the environment
See Cruelty to animals#United Kingdom and Environmental crime
Road traffic and motor vehicle offences
Participatory offences
Abolished offences
Classification of offences
Abolished classes
Defences
Abolished defences
Procedure
Abolished proceedings
See also
References
- ^ see, Pennington, Kenneth (1993) The Prince and the Law, 1200–1600: Sovereignty and Rights in the Western Legal Tradition, University of California Press
- ^ Abolished by the Offences against the Person Act 1828
- ^ Abolished by section 11(1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971
- ^ a b c d e Abolished by section 32(1)(a) of the Theft Act 1968
- ^ Abolished by section 13 of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981
- ^ a b Abolished by 73(a) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
- ^ a b Abolished by the Criminal Law Act 1967
- ^ a b c d Abolished by section 9(1) of the Public Order Act 1986
- ^ Abolished by 73(b) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
- ^ Abolished by 73(c) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
- ^ a b Abolished by section 79(1) of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
- ^ Abolished by section 59 of the Serious Crime Act 2007
- ^ a b c d e f g Abolished by the Criminal Law Act 1967, section 13(1)(a)
- ^ a b Abolished by section 13(1) of the Criminal Law Act 1977
- ^ Abolished by section 6(1) of the Criminal Attempts Act 1981
- ^ Abolished by section 5 of the Criminal Law Act 1977
- ^ The statutory provisions that created this offence were repealed by the Theft Act 1968: Griew, Edward. The Theft Acts 1968 and 1978. Fifth Edition. Sweet and Maxwell. 1986. Paragraph 2-01 at page 12.
- ^ Repealed by paragraph 95 of Schedule 4 to, and Schedule 17 to, the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005
- ^ R v Newland [1954] 1 QB 158, 37 Cr App R 154, CCA: Held, no longer to exist, if it ever had
- ^ DPP v Withers [1975] AC 842, HL: Held not to be an offence known to law
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Criminal law of Europe
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